The Regulation of OHS in Australia

Table of Contents Introduction The Case of Miner’s Death The Trapped Miner The BHP Leinster Mine Case Discussion Conclusion List of References Introduction The OHS regulation in Australia has undergone transformations owing to elevated levels of industrialization and material processing.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Regulation of OHS in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The â€Å"National Occupational Health and Safety Strategy 2002-2012† is operational in Australia since its adoption in 2002 by the Ministry of Workplace relations (CCH Australia Limited, OHS Industry and Legal Authorities Freehills 2007, p. 200). This central body derives its foundation as a legal conglomerate and different states, commerce chambers, and trade unions choose its members. The body directs and coordinates state endeavors to avert occupational demise, grievance, and illness in the country. Some roles include conducting research, gathering data, modeling state targets, standards, and capacity development (Kramar, et al. 2011, p 3). OHSW regulations for 2010 include the advancement of the earlier OHS codes for 1995 and these came fully into force on September 1, 2010. Among some of the components of the 2010, regulations absent in the former codes include fresh guideline for high danger occupation licenses, fitness necessities, and listing of assessors â€Å"Part Seven, Division Four† to permit acceptance of the novel state criterion on Licensing (Johnstone 2003, p.1). Alteration in the numbering is evident, seemingly, there is a sequential method of listing of each regulation though the parts, and division indications are present. Lastly, various references are altered to mirror the present approved citation.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Case of Miner’s Death Considering the first case of the miner’s death and BHP Billiton as outlined by Alisha, it is evident that the OHS policies have impact on the WA’s job system. The increased occupational related fatality cases forces the company to defend its safety track to retain employees, while at the same time meet the compliance standards for the OHS regulations. The incidences portray the relevance of OHS regulations in various work settings and outlines likely mishaps that might cause injuries and death (Alisha, 2010). The involvement of the media and legal authority in termination of work processes in the mine indicate commitment of the government and civil society in ensuring safety and wellbeing of workers in their areas of duty. It is upon the employers to offer all the obligatory OHS requirements to all their workers, subject to periodical inspections from qualified and authorized officers. Frequent OHS audits are necessary to tame organization s that value profit maximization to the expense of stakeholder safety and health. Firms have to continue improving their public image and compliance to the existing OHS rules to enjoy undisturbed eternity. This goes with Alicia’ s sentiments that the WA’s mines management resolve to undertake necessary improvements on their occupational health status before the company suffers greater losses (Alisha 2010).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Regulation of OHS in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The civil societies and unions also stand out as pressure groups and lobbyists for safer work conditions in WA as evident in this case. The Trapped Miner As acknowledged by the WA Mines management, higher turnovers or financial gains in individual companies do not necessarily replicate into adequate employee safety. The second case occurs in the same goldfield where a person is trapped fol lowing a rock fall (Herald Sun 2009). Although the BHP spokesperson outlines that the victim is safe and not injured, the mining operations stop as the rescue workers try to reach the worker (9News 2009). The family has to be reassured of the worker’s safety and BHP strives to maintain its public image through positive safety response. It is upon the companies to provide adequate facilities and incentives that ensure employees security at work place. Samantha assures the family of the victim of his life and health that he was able to access food, water, shelter and communication within the purpose-built refugee station about 100M Underground. The BHP Leinster Mine Case The third case occurs in the same BHP mining company, where first aid is conducted for minor injuries and another worker remains in trap for about two hours. Risk assessments begin to actualize the intensity of the seismic event. There is a possible interaction between natural and technological hazards in this mine (Sapienza, 2009). This is a follow up of the previous month’s accident that left a man to stay long overnight underground. The company terminates all the activities through issuance of prohibition notice until safety measures are fully in place. Unlike the previous incidents, the unions become more assertive on legal action from state government against BHP because of its poor OHS record.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sapienza outlines that the â€Å"workers safety union† took their time to lobby for the federal government to intervene and reprimand the mines as the state had failed (Sapienza 2009). There is struggle by BHP to ward of the indulgence of the media to protect its public image. This shows the typical approach that most firms under take in situations similar. Media will easily expose their internal inadequacies and hence lower the performance. Discussion The foremost intent of the OHS frameworks aims to warrant significant roles in outlining the principles of wellbeing, security, and interests of workforce. The guidelines outline the principles of security and job activities for employers, processors, and distributors, recruits together with personnel in direct of job areas (Kramar, et al. 2011). Guidelines on OHS are eminent public policy concerns in this nation since 1970s. There exist approximations of over 23 million wasted labor days annually due to work-related injuries a nd stress or health conditions (Johnstone 2003, p.1). OHS legislation encompasses themes, which addresses concepts of roles of care; staff input and representation; instruction and information; episode notice and documentation; licensing, listing or application of permits; auditors; and risk mitigation. The OHS management scheme is a systemized and certifiable approach of monitoring hazards in various occupations (CCH Editors 2009, p. 25). It relates and coordinates procedures to generate a consistent and exclusive manner of running OHS. Through the system, there is transfer of accountabilities, tasks, and capital accordingly. This concept is widely acknowledged for improving the safety output by supply string inspiration of employers. Other than business benefits for provision of commodities and services, certain insurance guidelines need official recognition of OHS running systems. From the three cases, it is perceptible that there exists great complexity for businesses in align ing to the OHS frameworks, especially in consideration of those that function nationwide. There is a high-approximated yearly general cost of work areas associated sufferers, infirmity and harm. Likewise, there is again a quantitative non-monetary loss related to bereavement, infirmity, and damage in occupational settings (Kramar, et al. 2011). There are six State Acts, two Territory Acts, one Commonwealth Act covering its workers, then another Act cushioning admiral industry (Rozen Creighton 2007, p. 72). These help in the control of OHS in the entire Australia. Jurisdictional disparities in the country are tricky and in view of Productivity Commission, it is indispensable that homogeneous nationalized frameworks and rules require establishment and enforcement. There exists a force-filled interest to worker commitment to OHS enforcement within all states, predominantly via structures of wellbeing and security ambassadors and committees. Conclusion The prime consequence for non-com pliance of OHS regulations is described in the bylaws of Australia with severity dependent on the part or magnitude of breach. However, there might be certain specialized frameworks that pertain to other sectors like the mineral. Despite the reduction in frequency of job-associated losses, grievance and infirmity, several industrial nations still have sound OHS results as compared to Australia. List of References Alisha, O. (2010) Miner’s death sparks safety fears. Ultimo, Australian Broadcasting Corporation. CCH Editors. (2009) Planning occupational health safety. Sydney, CCH Australia Limited. CCH Australia Limited, OHS Industry and Legal Authorities, Freehills. (2007) Australian Master OHS and Environment Guide. Sydney, CCH Australia Limited. Herald Sun. (2009) Miner trapped by rock fall at BHP Billiton mine. Web. Johnstone, R. (2003) Occupational health and safety, courts and crime: the legal construction of occupational health and safety offences in Victoria. Sydney, Fe deration Press. Kramar, et al. (2011). Human Resource Management – Strategy, People, Performance. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. 9News. (2009) Man trapped underground in WA mine. Web. Rozen, Peter. Creighton, Burner. (2007) Occupational Health and Safety Law in Victoria. Sydney, Federation Press. Sapienza, J. (2009) Another man trapped at BHP Leinster mine. Web. This research paper on The Regulation of OHS in Australia was written and submitted by user Randall Mccray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Knapps Stage Model Essay Essays

Knapps Stage Model Essay Essays Knapps Stage Model Essay Paper Knapps Stage Model Essay Paper Dear John. the drama-filled love affair film. John Tyree. a immature soldier. meets Savannah Curtis. a college pupil on spring interruption. and they rapidly fall in love. The film directed by Lasse Hallstrom. adapted from Nicolas Sparks’ novel of the same name. Dear John showcased many facets of communications in its most simple signifiers. Including the 10 phases of the Knapp Stage Model. which could really be witnessed throughout the Dear John the film and the book. as the two chief characters. John and Savannah. developed their relationship and as they tried to keep their relationship. In the Knapp’s Stage Model. Mark Knapp describes the patterned advance and development of relationships as a series of 10 phases in two stages: the ‘coming together’ . induction is followed by the experimenting. intensifying. integration and bonding phases. In the ‘coming apart’ . the differentiating. circumscribing. stagnating. avoiding and ending phase occu rs. These phases are illustrated in the movie Dear John. In the opening scene of Dear John. it was John’s and Savannah’s first clip meeting. it was attractive force at first sight. During the dark scene at the beach. they conversed. I would still believe it’s the initiating phase because the content of their conversation. They didn’t ask inquiries with the purpose of cognizing more of each other apart from that one inquiry. ‘’When are you traveling back? † which was instead insouciant. That will sum up the initiating phase. In the ulterior scene. John asked for a day of the month and Savannah agreed. That means they have both passed each other’s trial so there is an experimenting phase. By the manner. John really stayed at the Barbeque till the dark when he mentioned that his pa cooked dinner. Why else would one blow off his pa if it isn’t because he likes the miss? Therefore. that supports my base that they were already attracted to each other at the beach. At the dinner scene. they were started speaking about something more personal. They were doing little talk. The subject of household and John’s yesterye ar came in. These subjects normally wouldn’t be brought up at the initiating phase because they’re excessively personal. I would besides wish to associate to another construct with this scene which is relational demands of openness. If you notice. John wasn’t excessively comfy with the talk to the point he asked â€Å"why do you desire to cognize so much? † He would fall under the sort that closed away to other people. His replies were all one-liners. heterosexual to the point with no farther accounts. In the following scene. when they were walking towards the wooden house. that was another illustration of acquiring to cognize each other through speaking. This ends off the experimenting phase. They have a battle. but reconcile before John’s leave from the ground forces is over. When toilet returns to the ground forces. he and Savannah begin long distance relationship through handwritten letters. The first missive was really clear that Savannah loves John. Previously. John really gave Savannah a note in which the content wasn’t disclosed to the audience till the very terminal of the film. The note said â€Å"I love you† which was why Savannah wrote him. that missive was a answer . Those were revelations of feelings to each other. In that scene. John said â€Å"I made you a promise. didn’t I? † and subsequently. they both agreed to compose to each other all the clip. She was supposed to wait for him for a twelvemonth while he was off in Germany. That was a sense of committedness to the relationship. This will sum up the intensifying phase. The 4th phase is incorporating. This point is instead straightforward. It’s the turning point whereby the twosome announces to their friends and household that they are a twosome. In this instance. you could see John being introduced to Savannah’s parents. Couples do non ever follow purely to the theoretical account. Stairss could be jumped or revisited once more. Sadly. there was no 5th phase ( Bonding – matrimony. battle ) for this brace in the film. Conflicts arise because of different perceptual experiences ; it is besides illustrated in this film. There was a active scene at the terrace and it was because John wanted to widen his circuit with the ground forces but Savannah did non desire to wait for another two old ages. So after a long clip apart. John and Savannah find themselves floating apart and resigned to being apart from John. and Savannah sends a ‘D ear John’ missive stating him that she has become engaged to person else. John eventually got a missive from Savannah which she initiated a interruption up. Break ups are due to many possible factors. in their instance. alterations. hapless communicating and unrealistic outlooks. Changes referred to the immense alterations they went through from the two hebdomads of summer interruption together to being 1000 stat mis apart. Next. hapless communicating. I think this might be the least conducive factor. Even though. letters took hebdomads or months to make each other. their letters were filled with words. They told each other everything about their lives so it wasn’t a instance of floating apart. Last. it is the factor I think contributed the most likely which is an unrealistic outlook. Long distance relationships are difficult plenty and a individual can merely take it for so long. The first twelvemonth was all right but when John added two more old ages onto the heap. it was excessively difficult for Savannah to take. Although John’s and Sava nnah’s falling out they finally came together as friends. particularly when John’s male parent is on his decease bed. John returns place and connects with his male parent. something he was non able to make before. John so sells his father’s coin aggregation to fund Savannah’s husband’s malignant neoplastic disease intervention. In the last scene of the movie. John sees Savannah on the street and they embrace. The film may non showcase every bit much inside informations ; nevertheless it does demo the importance of communicating in a relationship. For illustration. Savannah chooses to compose a missive to John to interrupt the intelligence of her battle. alternatively of naming him. it shows that it is already a mark Doctor of Optometry avoiding the issue straight. A handwritten missive is a additive signifier of communicating. as John is non given a opportunity to answer instantly. If you were in John’s place. and you received a similar missive about your partner’s battle. would you travel back place to contend for what you want. or would you be ‘John’ . and merely bury yourself with work? Hopefully. now you have a better apprehension of the Knap p’s theoretical account and see how it fits into every relationship!

A Quiz About Clarity

A Quiz About Clarity A Quiz About Clarity A Quiz About Clarity By Mark Nichol Writers usually don’t mean to be duplicitous when they write one thing when they mean another; it’s just that what they intended to communicate is not what they communicated. The following sentences demonstrate some of the types of misunderstandings that result from careless composition. Try your hand at repairing the damage, and then take a look at my solutions at the bottom of the page: 1. â€Å"The postwar suburban ideal was a Cadillac and a fur coat like a movie star.† 2. â€Å"His legacy was also one of social revolutionary, humanitarian, and artist.† 3. â€Å"A letter can be mailed via the Pony Express reenactors for the 1860 price of $5.† 4. â€Å"That established history is being challenged by a rare book collector and author, John Doe and Jane Smith.† 5. â€Å"Although DNA testing is highly effective, those involved in criminal investigations do not always use it because of its high cost.† Answers 1. The sentence implies that the ideal was ownership of two things: a Cadillac, and a fur coat that resembles a movie star. We know it means possessing a Cadillac and a fur coat, as movie stars were wont to do, but the sentence fails because it doesn’t explicitly state that. This revision does: â€Å"The postwar suburban ideal was driving a Cadillac and wearing a fur coat, like a movie star.† 2. The subject’s legacy cannot be that of someone with these identities, but it can be associated with that of such a person: â€Å"His legacy was that of a social revolutionary, humanitarian, and artist.† 3. The final phrase of this sentence lacks clarity. The point is that in 1860, sending a letter by Pony Express cost $5, and that today, for the same amount a more modest total than it was about 150 years ago one can send a letter on a commemorative ride carried out by reenactors. The sentence should be revised to make this relationship clearer: â€Å"A letter can be mailed via the Pony Express reenactors for the same fee it cost in 1860: $5.† 4. As written, this sentence suggests that the challenger is a book collector and author who is rare, and that the person’s name is John Doe and Jane Smith. Hyphenating rare and book to demonstrate that they team up to modify collector, and recasting the sentence to join each single epithet to the respective name, makes all clear: â€Å"That established history is being challenged by a rare-book collector, John Doe, and author Jane Smith.† 5. DNA testing is not always used of its high cost? Then why is it always used? Back up a little bit the sentence means that DNA testing’s high cost restricts the frequency of its use. This important distinction is conveyed with the simple reversal of two phrases and the insertion of a comma between them: â€Å"Although DNA testing is highly effective, because of its high cost, those involved in criminal investigations do not always use it.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?50 Idioms About Fruits and VegetablesI wish I were...

Business Opportunities in Brunei Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Opportunities in Brunei - Essay Example Brunei is a members of ASEAN, United Nations Organization and the Organization of Islamic Conference. In spite of great political changes, Brunei is still a sultanate headed by Hassanal Bolkiah. The official language is Malay but business companies and organization understand English and Chinese. The currency of the country is Brunei dollar (Brunei. Brunei Country Reports 2008). The uniqueness of Brunei business culture is that it is influenced by Hinduism and Islam. Similar to other Asian coulters, Brunei culture has no clearly defined division between religion, philosophy and business. Faith and philosophy are lived every day as a way of life. To understand the Brunei businessmen, for example in the context of business leadership, it is important to understand the principles by which they live and to what extent the teachings of their philosophers are still applicable today (Brunei. The World Factbook 2008). They are extremely good at exploiting opportunities and at deal-making; they are masters of financial, in particular cash, management; in short, they are a result of a long series of opportunistic tactical moves. They are persistent, enduring and may survive in business for a long time by simply accumulating slim short-term gains. Historically, one characteristic of the Brunei business leaders is that their power rests on high flexibility, adaptabilit y and political pragmatism.

Whose Text is it Anyway Communication between author and reader Essay

Whose Text is it Anyway Communication between author and reader - Essay Example For decades, readers have fallen in love with the fairy tale novel, yet few seem to really understand it. Much like Alice spends much of the book frustrated with the happenings inside of Wonderland, the reader spends hours trying to figure out the message behind the words. Perhaps that is exactly what Carroll was aiming for. In a similar fashion, millions around the world adore the paintings of Picasso. They hang in art galleries and adorn hallways in private hallways, yet few truly understand the true meaning behind the masterpiece. In fact, volumes have been written just trying to understand what ‘each picture is saying’. Could the answer be as simple as ‘nothing’? Does an author or painter actually have to communicate an exact message via his or her work that is understandable by everyone who reads the book or looks at the painter? The simple fact of the matter is that any given text is the author’s alone. They are free to do with printed words as they please. Perhaps part of the joy that some writers receive is in knowing that many readers struggle and grapple with the meaning behind what was written. In this way, they are promoting a depth of creative and critical thinking skills that is sorely needed in society. Other writers, however, do write to a specific audience and their words are quite easy to understand in context. Even under these conditions, however, the writer retains control over what they have written and the interpretation is to be largely left up to them. This is accomplished as they use their own artistic license as a mechanism for sharing a story of idea with the reader. In addition, the writer brings their own personal experiences and ideologies to the page each time they set out to write any given text. It would be helpful to consider a classic novel in which the author writes about a fictional story that could certainly be reality. Huck Finn is a product of poor rural America. He is a character that man y people can identify with. Mark Twain, the author, certainly paints a wonderful picture with this novel. He begins by taking the reader on a journey through Southern America. There are racial undertones, class wars, and simple general mischief presented between its pages. You could ask ten different readers what social message Twain was trying to convey and you would likely get ten different ideas. This seems to be the beauty of literary license and is the reason why so many readers keep coming back to the classics, such as this one. Each time you read it, a different message seems to come to the forefront and you find yourself reliving the story all over again. This relates back to the theme of ownership and demonstrates how readers often find great job in trying to determine the purpose behind any chosen novel. That is part of the joy of reading. In answering the question of ‘Whose Test is it Anyway†, it is important to consider novels such as Huckleberry Finn. In thi s one novel, the author has created multiple themes centering on racism, slavery, morals, what role society plays in our life, and others. In addition to this, Twain touches on issues related to childhood, the way we lie and con people out of things, and he presents various superstitions and folk ideas. The reader needs no background with these issues, as Twain educates as he writes. One can easily begin to wrestle with these deeps ideas facing society, while having fun at the same time. Twain accomplishes all of this and more. In essence, he owns the reader because he has captivated them so. He can do what he wants simply because of the way in which he writes and the issues that he brings up. It is perfectly acceptable for an author to place more importance on the words

Customer Lifetime Value - A Case Study Essay Example for Free

Customer Lifetime Value A Case Study Essay A Your manager asks you what you think might explain the differences in p, r, and AC between the three groups. What would you say? i Group 1’s higher â€Å"p† could be due to the fact that this group of students doesn’t have the meal plan that undergrad students who live on (or close to) campus have. Additionally, some MBA students may have longer classes than the typical undergad student, especially on weekends. The MBA students may be more inclined to buy more food to save and snack on during class sessions. The retention probability through a certain time â€Å"r† is expected to be higher for undergrad students who live on or closer to campus and can easily walk to the sandwich shop. MBA students still have a high retention rate, but following the completion of their MBA program, they’re less likely to drive to Ike’s for food since they commute to school (especially if they have a good sandwich shop from where they commute). Regarding â€Å"AC†, the cost to promote Ike’s for people familiar with the area (Group 2) is expected to be lower because the Bay Area natives already have some knowledge of Ike’s. The â€Å"AC† for Groups 1 3 are higher because Ike’s must promote their business to people who have most likely never heard of the sandwich shop through ads, Facebook, or coupons. b What do you think could be done to improve CLV for any of the groups? Describe a specific action that can be taken by Redhead and explain how it alters the variables and CLV in the table for one or more groups. ii I expected the CLV for Group 3 to be higher considering the distance from the school. It could be so low due to the meal plan those students might have, but by decreasing the â€Å"AC† from 25 to 20, â€Å"CLV† will increase from 2. to 7. 5. The can be done by focusing their advertising efforts aimed at students to strictly on campus efforts. Perhaps they could also utilize social media for free advertising and introduce a â€Å"punch card† where after a certain amount of sandwiches bought, the customer can get a free one. This would possibly help increase the retention rate of all groups, especially Group 1 where these MBA students don’t have an on campus meal plan and often look for good food and money saving incentives off campus. Additionally, if the retention rate for Group 1 went from . 0 to . 825 through the use of the â€Å"punch cards† and even coupons for a free drink or chips, the CLV would increase from 7 to 11. 667 almost putting Group 1 even with Group 2. And if the retention rate for Group 3 went from . 825 to . 85 through the use of the â€Å"punch cards† again, the CLV would increase from 2. 5 to 6. 875. I believe that by using more free social media advertising (decreasing AC) and increasing retention rate â€Å"r† through â€Å"punch cards† and coupons, the CLV for all groups will increase.

Jane Eyre as an Independent Woman Essay -- Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte

Jane Eyre as an Independent Woman Jane Eyre was probably the most shocking and controversial novel of it’s time. Not only was it almost unheard of for a readable novel to be written by a woman, but the views and opinions expressed by the character of Jane Eyre were unthinkable and before their time. In the eighteenth century, when Queen Victoria was at the height of her reigning day, People were far more reserved that the people of today. People were much more prudish and kept themselves to themselves. Life, in general, was very class orientated with the aristocrats of the day dominating the social status whilst the poor were ostracized. Therefore, moving to a higher class was near impossible. Society was very much male dominated. Women were expected to obey a man’s commands and were treated inferior to their male superior. Therefore, a novel written by a woman was never read, since it was deemed unworthy to be read by the literature critics all of which were male. Consequently, Charlotte Bronte published under the name Currer bell- a man’s name. We first see Jane’s Independence at Gateshead; she was â€Å"excluded from privileges intended for happy content little children† she was isolated from family activities and this may explain why she was so autonomous, standing up to her elders and the superiority of the young Master John Reed. During a â€Å"moment’s mutiny† she attack’s him in a â€Å"picture of Passion†. This would have been severely frowned upon since it was unheard of for a lady not to know her place and not to strike he benefactress’ son. She documents John Reed as being â€Å"A murder†¦a slave driver†¦like the roman emperors† At this period of time, in which children should be seen and not heard; young lad... ...sing that she truly could not live without Mr. Rochester she goes in search of him and finds Thornfield â€Å"burnt to a cinder† and the residence residing at Fern dean manor For the period of time this book was written, Jane’s thoughts and actions defied the norm for women of the day. Her independence outruns all expectations for women at this period of time, and is probably on par with ladies of today, and rebels against stereotypical images of women that have been present since the bible, such as men being the stronger sex and women needing a man to succeed in life. Although these trivial things are widely accepted as being untrue nowadays in the nineteenth century it was though to be true and many people then saw this novel as shocking and controversial. Therefore I can conclude that Jane was an independent woman of her time and probably ours as well.

Issues Relating Diverse and Cross Cultural Management Essay

The diverse workforce has become a reality today. The impact of cultural diversity varies with the type of environment and firm’s overall strategy. As more and more number of firms move from domestic, multidomestic, multinational strategies to operating as a truly global firm, the significance and impact of cultural diversity increase markedly. Management of cultural differences has become more important for creating advantages and getting competitive edge. Companies must also consider stakeholders as employees. The viewpoints of stakeholders such as shareholders, suppliers, public agencies, and government regulators should be considered in shaping the culture of performance and approaching the diverse markets. In number of situations employees, customers and other stakeholders in the service environment interact to produce the ultimate service outcome. To solve the problem of unfair, inequitable treatment of diverse people, both as employees and customers, managers must recognize that such treatment is bound with bureaucratic structure, subjectivity and irrationality, inappropriate policies and practices, ineffective implementation of human. Companies should completely reshape the working culture that make possible the integration of a broad range of viewpoints that leads to a redefinition of how work gets done and how diverse markets are approached and capitalized upon. All employees should be held accountable for their behaviors and human resources results. There are certain arguments for creating a diverse workforce, those are as follows: 1. As the number of women, minorities etc. in the workforce increase, so will their influence as consumers. Hiring women, minorities, disabled, etc. will help the organizations to tap these niche markets. . As all the segments of society have stake in the development and prosperity of the society as a whole, the creation of diverse workforce should be seen as a social and moral imperative. 3. Diversity enhances creativity and innovation and produces advantages. 4. Diversity helps organizations for entering the international arena. 5. Diverse teams make it possible to enhance flexibil ity and rapid response to change. Diversity also causes certain problems those are as follows: (i) Communication becomes more difficult. Employees from different cultures fail to understand one another. Firms operating in different language areas find difficulty in communicating with the local employees as local employees speak different language. (ii) Diversity increases ambiguity, complexity and confusion. (iii) Diversity also causes problems when managers and employees over generalize organizational policies, strategies, practices and procedures. (iv) Cultural diversity creates difficulties for an organization when it wants to reach on a single agreement. (v) Cultural diversity increases the complexity and problems in developing overall organizational procedures. A company with a diverse workforce can better serve and compete in diverse markets. Hiring a diverse workforce can be challenging but the greater challenge is to retain the diverse workforce. Exploring best HR practices helps in identifying the best tools for retaining a diverse workforce. These practices include establishing open communication, supporting ongoing training and mentoring programmes and linking pay to diversity goals. Ultimately, the key to create, develop, and retain diverse workforce is to find a way to make workforce to feel connected to their company Cultural Diversity and Management  The cultural impact on management is reflected by basic values, attitudes, beliefs and behavior of the people. Culture can affect technology transfer, managerial attitudes, managerial ideology and even government-business relationships. Moreover culture affects how people think and behave. In some societies important decisions are made by few top managers, while in others, these decisions are diffused throughout the enterprise. American society comes under the first case and Japanese comes under the latter case. American and other Western countries’ cultural norms require individual rewards that are not so in Japanese culture. In some societies, risk-taking is encouraged which is not so in others. People identify themselves very strongly with their company as in Japan against America where people identify themselves with their occupational group. Some societies encourage cooperation between people. Others encourage competition between people. The managers and employees vary on four primary cultural dimensions: * Individualism/collectivism * Power distance. * Uncertainty avoidance. * Masculinity/femininity (Career success/quality of life). Managing Cultural Diversity The five cultural dimensions highlight the important cultural differences in organizations. To manage effectively in a global or a domestic multicultural environment, we need to recognize the differences and learn to use them to our advantage, rather than either attempting to ignore differences or simply allowing differences to cause problems. Rather managers should be taught how to respect the differences at work and how to work with them to maximize the contribution of each employee. Strategies for managing cultural differences The extent to which managers and employees recognize cultural diversity and its potential advantages and disadvantages defines an organization’s approach (strategy) to manage cultural diversity. Ignore Cultural Differences – managers do not recognize cultural differences (diversity) or its impact on the organization. This strategy is very popular in parochial type of organizations. * Minimize Cultural Differences – managers do recognize cultural diversity but only as a source of problems. In an ethnocentric organization, managers believe that â€Å"our way is the best way† to organize and manage. * Manage Cultural Differences – The organizations which adopt the strategy of managing differences are synergistic organizations. These type of organizations recognize the impacts of cultural diversity that leads to both advantages and disadvantages. Synergistic Organizations Assume I. that groups within society differ across cultures and that each maintains its cultural distinctness. II. that the similarities and differences are of equal importance. III. that there are many culturally distinct ways to live, to work, and to reach a final goal. IV. that there are many different good ways to reach the final goal. The best way depends on the cultures of the people involved. Cross-cultural Training Cross-cultural training stresses on training employees about other cultures and sensitizing them to the discrimination and biases diverse employees feel. Cross-cultural training aims at helping employees live and work comfortably in another culture. Organizations can use two approaches of training that can play a big role in managing diversity. (i) First approach offers training to diverse groups of employees. People from diverse groups can be trained for an entry-level skill. (ii) Second approach is to provide training to managers and other employees who work with diverse employees. Many organizations impart practical, real-life training to teach employees how to handle situations those arise due to cultural differences. Environmental briefings: to provide information about history, geography, climate, schools, government, economy, etc. Orientation in culture: to familiarize the employees with value systems and culture of the host country. Cultural assimilator: is a programmed learning technique that is designed to expose employees of one culture to some of the attitudes, customs, etc. of another culture. Language training: to teach conversational language skills.

Apple iphone case study

Brand loyalty is incredible. People will lineup in the freezing cold overnight Just to Boone of the first to get their hands on the oenophile! (Gannett, 2012) From the anti-capitalism point of evidences like phone counts as luxuries. Thinking this kind of huge prices could be speedometer more vital. Employ high technologies. This frequencies features for at least two purposes. One, First degree price discrimination endow, luxury customer acquisitiveness's high technology along with hightail hardware component turn Philippine into very costly merchandise. Robbery many people cannot afford the price. Ease of use. Apple utilizes user friendliness elements for both hardware underwear parts of phone. 3. 5 mm audio Jack would be a good example! phone is equipped with own Apple sloganeering system, ISO. And APS which work with ISO can only be downloaded from Passport. Other rivals like Android have unmeritorious channels. 12 29 Former CEO, Steve Jobs' role in developmental and leading Apple to the marketability. Steve Jobs died on Cot 2011.We can still sissies works and ideas in Apple phone. His allocate be an excessive damage to the company. Having strategic agreements with well-known mobile carriers. Like T-Mobile and&T Apple summary of PESTLE Analysis Falsifications The supply and manufacture of many critical components is performed by sole- sourced outsourcing partners in the U. S. , Asia and Europe. Outsourcing partners in Asia perform final assembly of substantially all of the company's hardware products.Manufacturing or logistics in these locations or transit to functionalities may be disrupted for a variety of reasons including, but not limited, natural and man-made disasters, information technology system failures,military actions or economic, business, labor, environmental, public health, or Political issues. (APPLE INC. , 2012) interruptions have caused and could cause damage or disruption conversational commerce and the global economy, and thus could have a materialness effect on he Company, its suppliers, logistics providers, manufacturing vendors and customers, including channel partners.The Company's business operations are subject to interruption by natural disasters, fire, power shortages,nuclear power plant accidents, terrorist attacks, and other hostile acts, labor disputes, public health issues, and other events beyond its control. (APPLE INC. ,2012) Econometricians The global recession is having a serious impact on Apple's retail performance The follow-on effects from global economic conditions on the Compulsiveness's could affect the Company's ability to obtain componentsTherefore,the Company remains subject to significant risks of supply shortages and pregnancies. The Company expects to experience decreases in its gross margin percentage in future periods, as compared to levels achieved during 2012,argyle due to a higher mix of new and innovative products with flat or reduced pricing that have higher cost structures and de liver greater value to customers anticipated component cost and other cost increases.Future strengthening of the U. S. Dollar could also negatively impact gross margin. (APPLE INC. , 2012) 13 Social factors The Company's business requires it to use and store customer, employee, and business partner personally identifiable information (?PIE). This may include names, addresses, phone numbers, email addresses, contact, preferences, detoxification numbers, and payment account information.Although maliciousness's to gain access to PI affect many companies across various industries,the Company may be at a relatively greater risk of being targeted because of thighs profile and the amount of PI managed. (APPLE INC. , 2012) Declassifications $3. 4 billion for 2012 which is a crucial manner in Tuesdays competition (APPLE INC. , 2012) Environmentalists The Company also sells its hardware and software products to enterprise and government customers in each of its geographic segments.

Channels of Distribution Essays

Channels of Distribution Essays Channels of Distribution Essay Channels of Distribution Essay In the unsure fluctuating market of today. it is indispensable for a company to keep on and face those uncertainnesss in order to last. Consumers can be an assistance for a company’s endurance. thereby it is indispensable for consumers to acquire the goods of a company whenever and nevertheless they need them. Here is where distribution channels come in and give manus. Channels of distribution are the different waies that goods passed through in traveling from the manufacturer to the consumer . ( Meyer et al. 1988 ) . With the aid of distribution channels. companies are able to get the better of the clip. topographic point and ownership spreads that separate goods and services from the consumers. As said by Aaker ( 1984 ) . entree to an effectual and efficient selling channel is frequently a cardinal success factor. However. in this competitory epoch. an apprehension of the alternate distribution channels and the tendencies in their comparative importance can be of strategic importance for any company. For illustration. the growing and importance can be of a ego service retail gasolene Stationss and the comparing growing in the importance of convenience shops such as the 7/11 concatenation in gasolene retailing has strategic significance to petroleum companies and distributers every bit good as to houses in nutrient retailing ( illustration adapted from Aaker. 1984 ) . Additionally. because of competition. deriving distribution in some industries can be highly hard and dearly-won. Nowadays. even big. established houses have problem obtaining infinite on the supermarkets shelves for merchandises with significant marketing budgets. As said by Kotler and Armstrong ( 2001 ) . members of the selling or distribution perform several maps such as supplying information for the company. promotes their goods and services. have contacts with purchasers. fiting purchasers inevitably. every bit good as negotiate monetary values so that goods can be transferred. Some other maps include physical distribution. funding and hazard pickings. There are two types of marketing systems. They are conventional distribution channels and perpendicular selling system. Conventional Distribution Channel Harmonizing to Kotler and Armstrong ( 2001 ) . a conventional distribution channel is a channel consisting of one or more independent manufacturers. jobbers. and retail merchants. each a separate concern seeking to maximise its ain net incomes even at the disbursal of net incomes for the system as a whole. In this instance. mediators operate independently or enter into some signifier of agreements with providers and other mediators. Furthermore. a conventional channel web tends to be fragmented because makers. jobbers and retail merchants bargain sharply with each other over the monetary values and others. Since channel members are detached and acts independently. none of them has much control over the other members. For illustration. in a conventional distribution channel. makers. distributers and retail merchants act independently so the makers as the manufacturer of the goods. cant decide anything for the other members. Lashkar-e-Taibas say. on what monetary value should the distributers and retail merchants sell. where should they sell. etc. the makers or the other members has no formal authorization over each other. Furthermore. in a conventional distribution channel. many struggles may happen since there is the absence of a formal contract and besides in most instances. their ends and purposes differ. Another failing of a conventional distribution system is that each and every member tries to harvest a batch of net incomes in order to prosecute their ain corporate aims. This may do drawbacks for the system as each independent house shows small concern for overall channel public presentation. Vertical Marketing System Harmonizing to Evangelista. et Al ( 1984 ) . an betterment over the conventional selling system. is the incorporate selling system which may be perpendicular or horizontal. A perpendicular selling system is a web of two or more degrees of channel members as in the instance of agreement between makers and jobbers. jobbers and retail merchants or between a maker and a figure of jobbers and retailers ( Evangelista et al. 1984 ) . So here. all the members act as a individual incorporate system. To exemplify the statement above. let’s take an illustration of a author. This author writes his ain books. owns the publication company that publishes the book. creates a web site that promotes his books. has a selling company that advertise and markets his books and he besides handles the distribution and transportation of the concluding merchandise. Here it is clear that the writer is cognizant of all the procedures of bring forthing the book and is able to command all the elements. This can be good for the company because if in instance a job occurs in any country. he can rapidly undertake it. He knows when the books are traveling to be printed. when and where it is to be shipped. etc and will e cognizant of any exigency originating. In this instance. we can see that the author is more informed and more efficient instead than holding to cover with publishing houses. agents. shippers. etc. ( illustration adapted from World Wide Web. smalltownmarketing. com ) There are three types of Vertical selling system. They are corporate. contractual and administered perpendicular selling systems. Kotler and Armstrong. ( 2001 ) defines corporate perpendicular selling system as a perpendicular selling system that combines consecutive provinces of production and distribution under individual ownership – channel leading is established through common ownership. In other words. it is a group of companies executing different undertakings under one ownership. Contractual perpendicular selling system. harmonizing to Kotler. et Al ( 1999 ) . consists of independent houses at different degrees of production and distribution incorporating their plan on a contractual footing to obtain more economic systems or gross revenues impact than they could accomplish entirely. They usually join together to harvest net incomes every bit good as to increase efficiency in the company. Administered perpendicular selling system coordinates phases of production and distribution through the size and power of one of the parties ( Kotler. et al 1999 ) . In other words. whoever wields the most economic power within the group can coerce greater cooperation and support from other members of the group. Comparison between Conventional Distribution Channel And Vertical Marketing System Conventional and perpendicular selling systems are two wholly different type of distribution system. Many companies presents prefer to follow perpendicular selling system instead than the conventional 1. This is because perpendicular selling system is much more good for companies and the conventional system is outdated additions redundancies for companies. Now let us see the difference of the two channels and comparison for which one is better and good for organisations today. Comparison Conventional distribution Channel -Channel members are independently owned -Unstructured distribution channel -No contract or understandings available -Lacks in leading -Many struggles might easy originate -Weak or hapless public presentation -Any errors or defects effects merely the company Vertical Marketing System -Channel members act as a incorporate system -Structured distribution channel -May have contracts or understandings for this agreement -One member exercising strong ( frequently formal ) leading -Helps manage struggle -Improves public presentation -May be forced into agreements by power derived function between members As we can see from the tabular array above. in the conventional channel members are independently owned whereas in the perpendicular selling system. all the members act as an incorporate system. This is good for a company because the can minimise costs and at the same clip earn grosss. The conventional distribution channel are unstructured whereas in perpendicular selling system it is decently structured. therefore makes it easier for a company to administer their merchandise and services. There is no contract whatsoever between the members of the channel because they are all self-acting and non bonded by any contract. On the other manus. in the perpendicular selling system. contract and understandings are needed for the agreement of this type of marketing channel peculiarly in a contractual perpendicular selling system. Additionally. there is a strong presence of leading in perpendicular selling system as one member exercising formal leading. Hence there is proper control of the activities. Whereas in the conventional channel of distribution. there is deficiency of leading in the channel. Furthermore. due to confusion. struggles and jobs may originate in a conventional distribution channel because of deficiency of control and leading. On the other manus. in a perpendicular selling system. the coordination among the members of the channel helps to pull off struggles that may originate. Furthermore. this can besides better public presentation of the whole selling system. Whereas conventional distribution channel has a weak public presentation due to struggles and deficiency of leading. In my sentiment. from the above comparing of both the channels. it is clear that perpendicular selling system. if practiced decently. will be really advantageous and can supply economic systems of graduated table to any company which adopts it. Mentions Aaker. D. A. ( 1998 ) . Strategic Market Management. John Wiley A ; Sons. Inc. . USA. Kotler. P. et Al ( 1999 ) . Marketing Management – An Asiatic Position. Prentice Hall. Inc. USA. Kotler. P. and Armstrong. G. ( 2001 ) . Principles of Marketing. Prentice Hall. USA. Evangelista. F. U. et Al ( 1984 ) . Principles of Marketing Management. National Book Store. Inc. . Philippines. Meyer. W. G. et Al ( 1988 ) . Retail Selling. McGraw Hill. USA. World Wide Web. smalltownmarketing. com. entree day of the month: 4th December. 2003

Bruno Mars And The Objectification Of Women

Although singer-songwriter Bruno Mars perpetuates many stereotypes about women and money in his music videos, he also challenges traditional views with pro-social messages. Both Mars’s perpetuation of sexual and financial stereotypes and his way of breaking with tradition can be seen particularly clearly in the song 24k Magic.Background Keys writes, that â€Å"In traditional African societies, the bard is a storyteller-singer and above all a historian who chronicles the nation’s history and transmits cultural traditions and mores through performance.† Mars, as a singer-songwriter, fulfills this kind of role today, transmitting cultural messages and mores through his performances to both black and white communities. While some of the messages he conveys may have negative effects on society, others may be beneficial – especially to the black community. Main Song: 24k Magic In the music video for the sing, Mars dances through glitzy areas – most of them casinos with a posse of men. From time to time, women join them. All of these women are skinny and scantily clad. Their hair is straightened. These styles are in keeping with electropop tradition. In the electropop scene, according to Jiminez, â€Å"There was a preference for tight clothing, hair products and even makeup. Photographs reveal Prince’s influence on the style of the time as an effeminate masculinity comes to the forefront.† In Mars’s videos, tight clothing and effeminate masculinity are featured heavily. The tightly clad women are not a part of Mars’s main posse, but instead, dance behind an effeminately masculine Mars and his boys much of the time. Mars and his boys are heavily clad, in pants, jackets, hats, and jewelry. The women are in bathing suits. While Mars and his posse do dance, the women dance more sensually, with barely anything covering their b ottoms as they shake them. They sway their hips provocatively. The video is set in a hotel dripping with gold. The boys drive fancy cars, play the slot machines and drive through the ritzy area without a care. They stack chips on the roulette table as the girls look on admiringly. They drive past lit up casinos. They dance through the halls in luxurious robes. They jet-ski through fountains. Mars sits back in a patio chair outside as women shake their bottoms beside his face. He doesn’t even look at them. Everyone smiles and dances. The way in which Mars objectifies women in his songs supports traditional, negative stereotypes of women in art. Klein writers that â€Å"Visual images throughout art history have revealed the status of women by their appearances and bodily attributes.† She further notes that traditional images of ideal women showed them as available and passive – displayed to appeal to male voyeurs. Women were shown as objects for men’s viewing pleasure. Women’s sexuality in comics and advertisements is often dependent on their ability to attract men.† The same is true of women in music. According to Flynn, â€Å"Women are the most frequent targets of objectification within music lyrics.† Indeed, in one recent study, of billboard hits â€Å"the authors found common themes regarding the objectification of women (women were viewed as objects for men to comment on, look at, even touch, hit, and eat) and sex as a top priority for men (wanting, needing, and experiencing sex).† This is exactly how Mars treats the women in his videos. They are there to show how cool and attractive Mars and his posse are. They are available and largely passive. Their bodies, rather than their minds or desires are what Mars’s video displays. We see more evidence that Mars views women as objects in the lyrics to 24k Magic. In them, he glorifies â€Å"players†, men who play around with a lot of women, and treats them much in the same way he treats other objects like rings and links. For instance, he sings, â€Å"Players, put yo pinky rings up to the moon.† Mars, in this song, is completely obsessed with money and material things and girls are among these materials. â€Å"Twenty-four karat magic in the air,† he sings, glorifying the pursuit of wealth. â€Å"I bet they know soon as we walk in (showin up) Wearing Cuban links designer minks Inglewoods finest shoes.† Here, he tells his listeners that possessing things like Cuban links and designer minks will grant them status. Possessing these things will make people know who they are. Not only that, but possessing money and wealth will help them obtain women. â€Å"Oh shit, Im a dangerous man with some money in my pocket,† he boasts,  "So many pretty girls around me and they waking up the rocket.† Mars further emphasizes that it is his ability to win women and to spend money that win him recognition as he sings, â€Å"Everywhere I go they be like oh, so player!† and â€Å"Spend your money like money ain’t shit.† He objectifies women once more in the end, singing, â€Å"I gotta show em how a pimp can get it in.† Here, he glorifies men who sell women and, once again, portrays women as mere sexual objects. 24k Magic is not the only song in which Mars treats women like objects. In songs like Uptown Funk he sings about living it up in the city and praises girls like Michelle Pfeiffer for being â€Å"straight masterpieces.† And in â€Å"That’s what I like,† he sings almost exclusively about money and sex with lyrics like, â€Å"Go pop it for a pimp, pop-pop it for me† and â€Å"â€Å"Sex by the fire at night Silk sheets and diamonds all white.† While it is clearly true that Mars objectifies women, what is less clear is whether this objectification is harmful to them. Some argue that it is. Nussbaum, for instance notes that â€Å"Feminist thought, moreover, has typically represented mens sexual objectification of women as not a trivial but a central problem in womens lives, and the opposition to it as at the very heart of feminist politics.† On the other hand, some argue that objectification can be a good thing. Cass Sunstein writes, â€Å"Peoples imaginations are unruly It may be possible to argue, as some people do, that objectification and a form of use are substantial parts of sexual life, or wonderful parts of sexual life, or ineradicable parts of sexual life.† Furthermore, by rejecting the norms of a society which suggests the objectification is bad, Mars may be championing an idea of sexual freedom that society represses. Green writes â€Å"There’s an agent of subversive reversal of negative stereotypes and portrayals of African-Americans embedded within the prosocial text of some rap lyrics.† In spite of the fact that videos those made by like Mars and his counterparts objectify women and black women in particular, â€Å"Black females generally reported more satisfaction with the shapes of their bodies [than white women] and less susceptibility to the negative effects of media.† Perhaps, then, there is something gratifying about Mars’s prosocial messages and his rejection of white mores. Gracyk suggests that we analyze art to help us understand human behavior. Perhaps Mars’s songs give us some insight into why black women have higher esteem than their white counterparts. And perhaps his rejection of society’s rules leads to greater positivity.

Response for Leon Bonstein Let Teen-agers try adulthood, Paul Raeburn Essay

Response for Leon Bonstein Let Teen-agers try adulthood, Paul Raeburn Too immature for thye deatyh penalty - Essay Example Botstein argues that the social structure in high school is a hierarchical structure that is characterized by age, athletic prowess and attractiveness. The social structure in high school is different from any other community that students come across once they finish high school. The American high school education system is also regarded as obsolete. Botstein stipulates that when high school education system was being designed, students did not mature at the pace that they do today. Students used to mature at a slow pace. For example, Botstein stipulates that the age of menstruation has gone down approximately two years since the 21st century began. In this perspective, Botstein says that children should be allowed to begin school at an early age. The recommended age to begin elementary school today is 4 or 5 years. Botstein also stipulates that the junior high school stage or middle school should be scrapped off. This would allow a student to graduate from high school at age 16 and not 18 years. At this age, most students can be able handle real life situations without encountering significant difficulties. They are also adequately prepared to head off to college. Moreover, the article entitled â€Å"Too Young for Death Penalty† by Paul Raeburn describes a situation whereby Christopher Simons, 17 and Charles Benjamin, 15 led to the death of Ann Crook, 46, when they tied her with a tape and pushed her into a river. The two young adolescents confessed to committing the murder which earned them $6. Benjamin was sentenced to life imprisonment while Simmons was given a death penalty. The death penalty in this case attracted the attention of psychiatrists, psychologists, and other health groups. They argued that juveniles should not be executed since their brains are still in development. This means that juveniles should not be held entirely responsible for activities that they engage in (Raeburn). This is because the activities that adolescents